The “Bhartiya Knowledge Systems (BKS)” is an academic journal that focuses on traditional Indian knowledge systems and their contemporary relevance. It seeks to explore various facets of ancient Indian knowledge, including philosophy, science, technology, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, humanities, and social sciences. The journal aims to bridge the gap between traditional wisdom and modern scientific inquiry, providing a platform for scholars to present research papers, research notes, comments, book reviews, and short communications that connect ancient Indian insights with modern-day applications.
आत्मसंप्रत्यय और शैक्षिक सफलता: कला, विज्ञान एवं वाणिज्य स्नातकों के आत्मबोध का एक विश्लेषण
आत्मसंप्रत्यय व्यक्ति की मानसिक संरचना का एक महत्वपूर्ण तत्व है, जो न केवल उसकी स्वयं की धारणा को प्रभावित करता है, बल्कि उसके व्यवहार, निर्णय लेने की क्षमता और शैक्षिक सफलता में भी महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। यह अध्ययन कला, विज्ञान और वाणिज्य वर्ग के स्नातक छात्रों के आत्मसंप्रत्यय की तुलना करके यह समझने का प्रयास करता है कि विभिन्न शैक्षिक क्षेत्रों में अध्ययनरत विद्यार्थियों के आत्मसंप्रत्यय में क्या भिन्नताएँ हैं और ये भिन्नताएँ किन सामाजिक-सांस्कृतिक एवं शैक्षणिक कारकों से प्रभावित होती हैं। अध्ययन का औचित्य इस तथ्य में निहित है कि आत्मसंप्रत्यय केवल व्यक्तिगत मानसिक धारणा नहीं, बल्कि पारिवारिक पृष्ठभूमि, शैक्षिक उपलब्धियाँ, सामाजिक अपेक्षाएँ और शिक्षण वातावरण से निर्मित होता है। भारत जैसे विविधतापूर्ण सामाजिक ढाँचे वाले देश में, जहाँ शिक्षा केवल ज्ञान अर्जन तक सीमित न रहकर सामाजिक गतिशीलता और आत्मविकास का साधन भी है, वहाँ यह आवश्यक हो जाता है कि विभिन्न शैक्षिक वर्गों के छात्रों के आत्मसंप्रत्यय की संरचना को समझा जाए। अध्ययन के निष्कर्ष बताते हैं कि विज्ञान वर्ग के छात्रों में कथित स्व और आदर्शात्मक स्व अपेक्षाकृत अधिक विकसित था, जबकि कला और वाणिज्य वर्ग के छात्रों में यह अपेक्षाकृत निम्न पाया गया। सामाजिक स्व का अकादमिक क्षेत्र से सीधा संबंध नहीं पाया गया, जो इंगित करता है कि आत्मसंप्रत्यय केवल शैक्षणिक उपलब्धियों पर आधारित नहीं होता, बल्कि बाहरी सामाजिक अनुभव भी इसे प्रभावित करते हैं। लिंग के आधार पर कथित स्व में कोई विशेष अंतर नहीं था, लेकिन आदर्शात्मक स्व और सामाजिक स्व में छात्र एवं छात्राओं के बीच अंतर देखा गया, विशेष रूप से विज्ञान वर्ग में सामाजिक स्व की भिन्नता अधिक थी। अध्ययन के निष्कर्षों से यह स्पष्ट होता है कि आत्मसंप्रत्यय और शैक्षिक सफलता के बीच घनिष्ठ संबंध है—जो छात्र आत्मसंप्रत्यय में सकारात्मक थे, उन्होंने अपनी अपेक्षाओं से अधिक प्रदर्शन किया, जबकि नकारात्मक आत्मसंप्रत्यय वाले छात्र अपनी वास्तविक क्षमता के अनुरूप प्रदर्शन नहीं कर सके। अध्यापक शिक्षा के परिप्रेक्ष्य में यह अध्ययन अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है, क्योंकि यह शिक्षकों को यह समझने में सहायता करता है कि आत्मसंप्रत्यय कैसे छात्रों की सीखने की क्षमता, आत्म-प्रेरणा और शैक्षणिक उपलब्धियों को प्रभावित करता है। यह अध्ययन शिक्षा नीति-निर्माताओं और शिक्षकों के लिए एक मार्गदर्शिका के रूप में कार्य कर सकता है, जिससे वे आत्मसंप्रत्यय को मजबूत करने के लिए शिक्षण पद्धतियों में सुधार कर सकें, समावेशी शिक्षण रणनीतियाँ अपना सकें और व्यक्तिगत परामर्श की व्यवस्था कर सकें। कमजोर आत्मसंप्रत्यय वाले छात्रों के लिए विशेष मार्गदर्शन की आवश्यकता होती है, जिससे वे अपनी वास्तविक क्षमता को पहचान सकें और शैक्षणिक तथा व्यक्तिगत जीवन में सफलता प्राप्त कर सकें। यदि शिक्षा प्रणाली आत्मसंप्रत्यय के निर्माण को ध्यान में रखते हुए पाठ्यक्रम और शिक्षण पद्धतियों को विकसित करे, तो यह छात्रों के समग्र विकास को सकारात्मक रूप से प्रभावित कर सकता है। इस अध्ययन से यह निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि आत्मसंप्रत्यय केवल व्यक्तिगत धारणा तक सीमित नहीं है, बल्कि यह सामाजिक और शैक्षिक कारकों से प्रभावित होता है, और इसे विकसित करने के लिए शिक्षकों एवं नीति-निर्माताओं को संवेदनशील दृष्टिकोण अपनाने की आवश्यकता है, जिससे शिक्षा व्यवस्था अधिक समावेशी और प्रभावी बन सके।
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Echoes of Resistance: Mapping the Intersections of Dalit and Tribal Consciousness in Literature
This paper explores the intersections between Dalit and tribal consciousness as expressed in Indian literature, highlighting shared experiences of marginalization, discrimination, and resistance against systemic inequalities. It analyses how both communities have historically been subjected to socio-cultural oppression and exclusion, leading to a collective struggle for equality and justice powerfully reflected in their literary traditions. The study delves into the various forms of resistance employed by Dalits and tribals through their literature, examining how narratives, poetry, and other literary forms challenge dominant power structures and hegemonic narratives. Furthermore, it investigates how these communities have asserted their identities and reclaimed their voices through literary expression, focusing on specific texts, authors, and literary movements that amplify their experiences. By mapping the parallels and divergences in their experiences and struggles as depicted in literature, this paper aims to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the complex dynamics of caste and tribal identity in India. This analysis also considers the unique contributions of women writers within these communities and the evolving nature of their literary expression across different genres while acknowledging the regional variations that shape their distinct literary voices
भासस्य नाटकानि : संस्कृतसाहित्यस्य वैश्विकप्रभावस्य प्रतिबिम्बम्
अस्मिन् पत्रे भासस्य नाटकानां चक्षुषा संस्कृतसाहित्यस्य वैश्विकप्रभावस्य अन्वेषणं कृतम् अस्ति। संस्कृतसाहित्यस्य प्रसिद्धेषु नाटककारेषु अन्यतमः इति नाम्ना भासस्य कृतीनां विश्वस्य विभिन्नेषु भागेषु नाटकसाहित्यस्य विकासे अगाधः प्रभावः अभवत्। महाकविः भासः संस्कृतसाहित्ये तत्रापि विशेषतः नाट्यसाहित्याकाशस्य जाज्वल्यमानो नक्षत्रमासीत् । आधुनिककालेऽपि तस्य नाट्यकलां कविताशैलीञ्च दृष्ट्वा काव्यरसिका मोदन्तेतमाम् । महाकविः भासः संस्कृतसाहित्ये यदा नाटकं लिखितुं प्रारब्धवान्, तदा नासीत् संस्कृतसाहित्ये कस्यापि तादृशं नाटकं यदवलोक्य निर्दिष्टं नाट्यकलां गृहीत्वा नाटकं रचितुं शक्नुयात् । भासस्य कृतिषु या नाट्यकला सा भासस्य स्वात्मभूता । जन्मकालोऽयं संस्कृतनाटकस्य यदा भास एवं एतादृशः प्रथमो नाट्यकारः यस्य कृतेरनुकरणेन संस्कृतसाहित्ये मनोहराति-मनोहरतमं नाटकं साम्प्रतमपि दृश्यते । अस्मिन् पत्रे भासस्य नाटकानां आधारभूताः सार्वत्रिकाः विषयाः भावाः च परीक्षिताः सन्ति, एतेषां संस्कृतिषु तेषां स्थायि लोकप्रियतायां प्रासंगिकतायां च कथं योगदानं कृतम् इति च । भासस्य नाटकानां समीक्षात्मक-विश्लेषणद्वारा अयं पत्रः वैश्विकसाहित्यकलापरम्पराणां स्वरूपनिर्माणे संस्कृतसाहित्यस्य महतीं भूमिकां दर्शयति। भासस्य नाटकानां वैश्विकप्रभावस्य चिन्तनं कृत्वा अस्य पत्रस्य उद्देश्यं सांस्कृतिकविनिमयस्य अवगमनस्य च महत्त्वं, आधुनिककाले संस्कृतसाहित्यस्य निरन्तरसान्दर्भिकता च प्रकाशयितुं वर्तते ।
Higher Education 4.0: Preparing India’s Teachers for the Future Through Online and Blended Learning
India’s higher education sector is rapidly evolving under the influence of technological advancements, global demands, and the need for innovative teaching practices. This paper explores how online and blended learning models are reshaping teacher education in India, preparing educators to thrive in the era of Higher Education 4.0. It examines the drivers, benefits, and challenges of integrating digital technologies into teacher preparation programs and their impact on employability. By analyzing recent initiatives, policies, and empirical studies, this paper highlights how India can leverage online and blended learning to develop skilled, adaptable, and future-ready teachers.
भारतीय शिक्षा प्रणाली; पाश्च्य से भविष्य तक
शिक्षा प्रणाली भविष्य की पीढ़ी को प्रशिक्षित करने और तैयार करने का एक मंच है। शिक्षा के माध्यम से अर्जित ज्ञान और कौशल किसी व्यक्ति को अधिक रोजगार योग्य बनाते हैं। प्राचीन से आधुनिक शिक्षा प्रणाली की ओर संक्रमण के कारण भारतीय शिक्षा प्रणाली अन्य देशों की शिक्षा प्रणालियों की तुलना में अधिक विविध और सराही जाने वाली है। प्राचीन और मध्यकालीन शिक्षा के दौर में शिक्षक अपने विद्यार्थियों को उस समय के जीवन और परिस्थितियों में जीने और सफल होने योग्य बनाते थे। स्वतंत्रता के बाद से भारतीय शिक्षा प्रणाली ने काफी प्रगति की है और सभी क्षेत्रों में शिक्षा व प्रशिक्षण प्रदान कर रही है, फिर भी यह वैश्विक स्तर पर बाज़ार की आवश्यकताओं को पूर्ण रूप से पूरा करने में सक्षम नहीं हो पाई है। इस अध्याय में मुख्य रूप से प्राचीन और मध्यकालीन काल की भारतीय शिक्षा प्रणाली की शिक्षण पद्धति, पाठ्यक्रम, विशेषताएँ, अधिगम रणनीतियाँ और उद्देश्यों पर चर्चा की गई है। साथ ही यह भी बताया गया है कि ये काल आधुनिक शिक्षा से कैसे भिन्न थे और आधुनिक शिक्षा इनसे क्या सीख सकती है तथा उसे कैसे लागू किया जा सकता है। प्राचीन, मध्यकालीन और आधुनिक शिक्षा की खूबियों और कमियों का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन भी इन्हीं कारकों के आधार पर किया गया है। इस अध्याय के माध्यम से विद्यार्थी और शिक्षक शिक्षा प्रणाली में विद्यमान विभिन्नताओं को समझेंगे और यह भी जान पाएंगे कि भविष्य में सभी समस्याओं के समाधान हेतु और क्या परिवर्तन आवश्यक हैं।
Cervical cancer and unspoken disparity among women: Search for inexpensive therapeutics
Cervical cancer ranked fourteenth among all cancers and fourth-ranked cancer among women worldwide. Every year almost 50 million cervical cancer cases have been reported worldwide. The northeast part of India has highest cases of cervical cancer patients following stomach cancer. It is the fifth leading cause of death in many parts of the world. The broken health care system in the state of Arunachal Pradesh is self-explainable with the current scenario of absence of any tertiary cancer care system in any health care provider in the state. Although, the screening of cervical cancer is an absolute requirement for female on the arrival of their puberty, the socioeconomic status of the community and individuals play important role (1-3). The reproductive health regarding monogamous sexual partner is one of the most important considerations in preventing cervical cancer. The factors which are most often unconscious and ignored by people of any area are socioeconomic barriers, education and basic hygiene. The educational and scientific awareness of the society through public-private-government partnership might help prevent most of the ‘cervical cancer cases. The main causative agent of cervical cancer is human papillomavirus (HPV). The discovery that demonstrated the presence of HPV genome in cervical cancer was awarded as Nobel Prize to Prof Herald zur Hausen in 2008. As per international committee on the taxonomy of viruses (ICTV) one hundred eighteen papillomavirus (PV) types have been described and 15 out of which are known to be pathogenic to human (4-6). The screening of females for cervical cancer diagnosis could be performed by two available diagnostic tests, a) HPV test, and b) Pep test. The HPV test look for the presence of any HPV virus in cervix region, However, the Pep test recognized the cell changes associated with the cancerous transformation. However benign and initial stages of cancer could be treated with various treatment plans and options which include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and surgeries (7). When screened early the benign stage of cervical cancer is curable. In case of benign tumor, the preliminary information like type of cancer, stage of cancer, goals of treatment, side effects and expected length of treatment are necessary considerations. The advanced stage where recurrent lesions, wrap and metastatic growth is exponential, the treatment plans and primary considerations could change based on the stage of cervical cancer. It has been reported extensively so far through various research and developmental studies regarding the role of one of such growth factors known as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in advanced recurrent metastatic cervical cancer (8). The HPV is known to interfere with the regulation of p53 protein of cell cycle pathway in metastatic stage of cervical cancer. It also interacts and influence the signaling pathways of epidermal growth factor receptor, essential for cell division and multiplication. The HPV is known to interfere with the regulation of p53 protein of cell cycle pathway (9-10). However, simultaneously the virus interacts and modulates the epidermal growth factor signaling pathway. The epidermal growth factor and receptor are required for the cell division, multiplication and angiogenesis in host. Although up-regulation of endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is closely associated with invasiveness and metastatic stage of cancer the clinical significance in predictive diagnosis is insignificant due to variation in species and genome of human papillomavirus (HPV). The inconsistency of microvascular density based predictive diagnosis of cervical cancer indicates the E6 oncoprotein mediated irregularities of vascular endothelial cell migration and proliferation. This might lead to genetic and epigenetic alterations in host cell genes. The mutations in VEGF gene and receptor have also found to involved in tumorigenesis and malignancy in cervical cancer. This is partly due to species specific pathogenicity imparted by human papillomavirus (HPV). Despite FDA approval of highly expensive bevacizumab antibody based anti-VEGF therapy for intractable cervical and other gynecological cancers, a patient may require other modes of advance treatment like cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibition (11). Hence, there is a growing need to develop inexpensive selective targeted therapeutics against intractable cervical cancer. Since cervical cancer is the 4th leading cancer in women worldwide. Therefore, it is a pressing economic disparity in suburban women across the world specially in developing countries. Hence, developing inexpensive small molecule-based therapeutics with minimal adverse effects could be an essential goal to achieve for society and world at large. The research and innovation on the already existing natural resources could be a gate to screen and isolate specific chemical molecule. The molecule, if has high selectivity against VEGF receptor and least toxic, could be formulated in various dosage form.
Copyright (c) 2025 SANJAY RAWAT (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Protocol for determination of calcium concentration in blood sample as a marker for Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a bone disease primarily occur in female. However, men are also affected by the disease. The disease is manifested through the number of factors including hormonal deregulation, deficiency of vitamins and abnormal metabolism. Calcium is one of the essential micronutrients required for the growth and development of bone in human body. The calcium level is elevated in osteoporosis. Therefore, growth of human body is dependent on the dietary intake of calcium. The hormones calcitriol and parathyroid hormone (PTH) control the level of calcium in human and other primates. The 99% of calcium in bone is stored as hydroxyapatite. Constant irregular level of calcium in blood causes the osteoporosis condition. In osteoporosis, density of mineral calcium has been found to be drastically decreased in bones. This in turn, decreases the bone mass. The increase concentration of calcium in blood due to bone desorption might lead to hypercalcemia. In blood circulation, calcium exists in three forms 1) free (ionized form), 2) complexed (chelated form) and 3) protein bound form. Therefore, measuring blood calcium level is important in diagnosing and preventing several diseases. The total calcium level and ionized calcium level are the two tests generally performed on blood sample. Herein, for the first time we are reporting the laboratory based qualitative and quantitative identification test for determination of blood calcium level for osteoporosis disease.
Blood calcium level, laboratory protocol, osteoporosis, calcium, chelation
Copyright (c) 2025 SANJAY RAWAT, Koni Potom, Vijay Kumar Tilak (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Malaysian Moon Moth (Actias maenas): Ecological Significance, Sericogenic Potential, and Conservation Challenges
The Actias maenas moth, commonly known as the Malaysian Moon Moth, has been recognized for over a century and is highly sought after by collectors; however, the larval stages of this species remain poorly documented. It extends from the sub-Himalayan areas of northeastern India across the majority of mainland Southeast Asia and the Greater Sunda Islands, covering more than 4000 km. In India, five species have been reported so far: Actias maenas (Malaysian Moon Moth), Actias selene (Indian Moon Moth), Actias rhodopneuma (Asian Moon Moth), Actias parasinensis (Western Chinese Moon Moth), and Actias keralana (Kerala Moon Moth) (Sondhi et al., 2025). The Malaysian Moon Moth is notable for its graceful appearance and intricate patterns, making it one of the most beautiful moths and a favorite among nature enthusiasts.
Actias maenas, Malaysian Moon Moth, conservation strategies
Copyright (c) 2025 Sangita Borthakur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The study of Cultural-Mental Health and Education in Literature
In the digital era, education necessitates a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to meet the dynamic needs of learners. This approach combines the power of technology, insights from psychology, and robust teacher development programs to create an ecosystem that optimizes student learning outcomes. The integration of innovative digital teaching strategies, such as AI-driven learning platforms and interactive multimedia tools, with principles of cognitive psychology has redefined traditional classroom dynamics. These advancements have significantly enhanced student engagement, academic performance, and overall well-being, offering personalized learning experiences that cater to individual needs and preferences. However, alongside these developments, pressing challenges persist. Issues such as adolescent substance abuse, exacerbated by peer pressure and lack of parental guidance, parental neglect, and the growing prevalence of mental health concerns among students pose significant barriers to success. Addressing these multifaceted challenges requires more than just technological intervention; it demands an inclusive approach that incorporates psychological support systems and targeted teacher training to ensure educators are well-equipped to handle these complex issues. The discussion also includes policy recommendations advocating for blended learning models that combine digital and traditional teaching methods, the adoption of AI-assisted instruction to personalize learning journeys, and the implementation of psychological interventions within schools to foster holistic development. Such strategies aim not only to overcome the challenges of the present but also to build a resilient, adaptive educational framework for the future.
Digital Pedagogy & Psychological Support
प्राचीन भारतीय ज्ञान परंपरा में पाठयक्रम एवं शिक्षण विधियों का अध्ययन
प्राचीन भारतीय ज्ञान परंपरा मानव सभ्यता की प्राचीनतम और समृद्धतम विरासतों में से एक है। यह एक ऐसी दृष्टि है जो जीवन के भौतिक, मानसिक, आध्यात्मिक पहलुओं के साथ साथ जीवन के विभिन्न आयामों को भी समग्रता से छूती है। वैदिक काल से लेकर आधुनिक युग तक इसने पूरे विश्व को प्रभावित किया है। भारतीय ज्ञान परंपरा में दार्शनिक, वैज्ञानिक, कलात्मक और आध्यात्मिक धाराएँ शामिल थी। छात्र भौतिक,अध्यात्मिक एवं मानसिक रूप से बहुत ही मजबूत हो जाते थे। इसकी मूल आत्मा केवल जानकारी देना नहीं, अपितु चरित्र निर्माण, आत्मबोध, धर्म-नीति पालन और लोकमंगल की भावना का विकास करना था। प्राचीन भारतीय ज्ञान परंपरा में शिक्षण-अधिगम की प्रक्रिया बड़ी ही अनूठी थी जिससे छात्रों का सर्वागीण विकास होता था। इसका पाठ्यक्रम आज की विशुद्ध व्यावसायिक शिक्षा से सर्वथा भिन्न था। इसमें लौकिक और पारलौकिक दोनों प्रकार की विषयवस्तु सम्मिलित थी, जिसका उद्देश्य था – मनुष्य को ज्ञान, आचरण, धर्म, नीति, तथा आत्मबोध के मार्ग पर अग्रसर करना।शिक्षा का माध्यम केवल पाठ्य विषयों तक सीमित नहीं था, बल्कि यह एक जीवन पद्धति थी – जिसमें शिष्य को संपूर्ण जीवन के लिए तैयार किया जाता था। इस व्यवस्था में पाठ्यक्रम (Curriculum) और शिक्षण विधियाँ (Teaching Methods) दोनों का समन्वित स्वरूप अत्यंत समृद्ध और वैज्ञानिक था।
Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
श्रीमद भगवद गीता और शिक्षक-छात्र के बीच सम्बन्ध का सार
श्रीमद भगवद गीता में शिक्षक-छात्र के संबंध का सार एक अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण तत्व है। इसके अनुसार, जब छात्र गुरु के प्रति विश्वासपूर्वक आदर और प्रेम रखता है, तब उसे स्वयं को सीखने की प्राप्ति होती है। गुरु छात्र के लिए मार्गदर्शक होता है, जो उसे सही और आदर्श मार्ग पर ले जाता है। इस संबंध में गीता एकता, विश्वास और सहयोग को प्रमुखता देती है जो समस्याओं को हल करने में मदद करता है। गीता छात्र को आत्मिक उन्नति के माध्यम से उच्चतम ज्ञान का प्राप्तकर्ता बनाती है और उसे ब्रह्मांडिक चेतना के साथ संयुक्त करती है। इस प्रकार, गीता शिक्षक-छात्र के संबंध का महत्वपूर्ण सार सार्थकता से प्रस्तुत करती है।
श्रीमद भगवद गीता, शिक्षक के गुण, छात्र के गुण, शिक्षक-छात्र सम्बन्ध
Copyright (c) 2025 Biswajyoti Sarmah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Importance of Environment in the Field of Biology
The environment plays a pivotal role in shaping biological processes and the evolution of organisms. From cellular functions to ecosystem dynamics, environmental factors influence growth, behavior, reproduction, and survival of species. Biology, as a multidisciplinary field, is deeply connected to understanding how living organisms interact with their surroundings. The environment encompasses both abiotic factors (such as temperature, light, and water) and biotic factors (such as interactions with other organisms), which together create the conditions necessary for life. By studying the environment, biologists gain insights into ecological balance, biodiversity, adaptation, and the impact of human activities on natural systems. This knowledge is crucial for developing strategies to conserve biodiversity and manage natural resources sustainably.
Environmental Influence on Growth and Development
Female Participation in Higher Education in the Context of Nepalese Society
Female participation in higher education in the context of Nepali society is research with aim to identify women's status to their Higher Education status in Lalitpur district and how the socio-economic and cultural status of women influences their educational attainment. This is quantitative research accomplished in survey design. The study tools used in this research were twenty-one closed-ended questionnaires. The questions were of the objective answer type and multiple-choice items. The population of this study was the people living in one Rural Municipality, one Municipality, and one Sub-Metropolitan City. The numbers of research participants were 379 female families’ heads of the three local level government of Lalitpur district. This research shows the significant relationship between qualification and different factors of female heads such as residence, caste, marital status, knowledge of ICT, and the knowledge of legal provision to their education and there are statistical differences between income and female engagement in higher education.
Empowerment, Family Head, Female, Higher Education, Participation,
Copyright (c) 2025 Devi Kumari Neupane (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
स्काउटिंग बी०एड० पाठ्यक्रम का एक मजबूत कड़ी
स्काउटिंग का बी0एड0 पाठ्यक्रम में योगदान भविष्य के शिक्षकों के समग्र विकास में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। यह नेतृत्व क्षमता, जिम्मेदारी का भाव, और टीम वर्क जैसे गुणों को विकसित करता है, जो किसी भी शिक्षक के लिए आवश्यक हैं। स्काउटिंग शारीरिक स्वास्थ्य के साथ मानसिक संतुलन बनाए रखने में भी मदद करती है। इसके माध्यम से छात्र समाज सेवा के महत्व को समझते हैं और नैतिक मूल्यों के प्रति जागरूक होते हैं, जिससे वे कक्षा में भी इन मूल्यों को स्थापित कर सकते हैं। स्काउटिंग के विविध कार्य समस्या समाधान, निर्णय लेने की क्षमता, और संकट प्रबंधन जैसे महत्वपूर्ण कौशल सिखाते हैं, जो शिक्षण पेशे में उपयोगी हैं। व्यावहारिक शिक्षण अनुभव के साथ रचनात्मकता और नवाचार को बढ़ावा मिलता है। इसके अलावा, यह संचार कौशल को भी विकसित करता है, जिससे शिक्षक छात्रों, अभिभावकों, और सहकर्मियों के साथ प्रभावी संवाद कर सकते हैं। स्काउटिंग पर्यावरण संरक्षण के प्रति जागरूकता फैलाने में भी सहायक है, जिससे छात्र अपने पर्यावरण के प्रति जिम्मेदारी का अनुभव करते हैं। इस प्रकार, स्काउटिंग न केवल शारीरिक और मानसिक विकास में सहायक है, बल्कि शिक्षकों के पेशेवर जीवन के लिए भी उन्हें तैयार करती है।
पर्यावरण संरक्षण के प्रति जागरूकता और पेशेवर जीवन के लिए तैयारी
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Higher Education Institutes Offering Online Degrees in Democratizing Higher Education in India: Aligning with NEP-2020
The study examines the significant role of HEIs offering online degrees in ach democratize higher education through technology. It explores how online platforms enhance access, reduce entry barriers, and promote equitable education. The emergence of these institutions is highlighted as a response to COVID research assesses the positive impact of online education on learner motivation and self addressing traditional education's limitations. It reviews policy recommendations and UGC guidelines for establishing and regulating HEIs offering online degrees in India. Key components include admission criteria, learning management systems, curriculum, virtual classrooms, teaching methodologies, assessment, student support, and program outcomes. Ethical consideratio strategies to address potential discrepancies in online education are also discussed. The study concludes by analyzing the prospects and limitations of HEIs offering online degrees in India, emphasizing their potential to improve accessibility, flex technologies in education, aligning with NEP-2020 goals.
An Exploration of the Indian Knowledge System: Roots, Significance, and Contemporary Relevance
The Indian Knowledge System (IKS) embodies an extensive repository of multidisciplinary knowledge, spanning philosophy, science, art, medicine, and spirituality, developed over millennia. This research delves into the essence of IKS, emphasizing its historical progression, unique features, and applicability in contemporary societal and educational contexts. Utilizing a blend of historical analysis and contemporary evaluation, the paper illustrates the resilience and relevance of IKS in modern frameworks, such as the National Education Policy 2020. By bridging the gap between traditional wisdom and modern innovations, this study showcases how IKS can address current global challenges, including sustainability and holistic education.
Educational Implications of Indigenous Knowledge for Sustainable Development
________________________________________________________________________________________Abstract: Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) comprise the lasting traditions, practices, and wisdom of indigenous cultures, intricately linked to their harmonious interaction with the environment. These systems provide sustainable answers to global concerns via creative methodologies in agriculture, resource management, healthcare, and cultural preservation. Incorporating this information into formal education, especially within vocational and environmental courses, has significant potential to enhance ecological equilibrium and cultural resilience. The indigenous practices including conservation methods, herbal remedies, artistic expressions and cultural practices that foster sustainability oriented perspectives. Moreover, these practices offer significant insights into biodiversity protection, natural resource management, and sustainable living practices, in accordance with global development aspiration. This paper aims to highlight the importance of acknowledging and safeguarding indigenous knowledge as an essential asset for sustainable development, based on an extensive examination of academic literature. Thus this research examines the impact of integrating these traditions within education, aimed at addressing environmental and socio-economic concerns while fostering appreciation for cultural heritage which guarantees a comprehensive and inclusive route to attaining global sustainability objectives.
प्राचीन भारतीय ज्ञान परंपरा में अर्थव्यवस्था एवं औद्योगिक शिक्षा का स्वरुप
औद्योगिक शिक्षा का मानव सभ्यता पर गहरा प्रभाव रहा है और भविष्य में भी रहेगा। इक्कीसवीं सदी में तो औद्योगिक शिक्षा ने एक नया समाज गढ़ने में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान दे रही है। पूंजी या शारीरिक श्रम की अपेक्षा ज्ञान प्रमुख उत्पादन स्त्रोत बन गया है। बीते दशक में सूचना युग के जन्म के बाद हर तरफ औद्योगिक शिक्षा के नवीन नाम सामने आये हैं, नालेज इकानॉमी, नॉलेज जॉब, नॉलेज वर्कस्, नॉलेज मैनेजमेंट, नालेज बेसड क्वालिटी ऑफ लाईफ का शोर मचा हुआ है। प्राचीन भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था- कृषि-आधारित थी, जहाँ अधिकांश जनसंख्या कृषि कार्य में संलग्न थी। सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता से लेकर वैदिक काल तक, कृषि मुख्य व्यवसाय बना रहा। समाज में विभिन्न वर्गों के लोग जैसे किसान, व्यापारी, और कारीगरों की भूमिका महत्वपूर्ण थी। इस दौरान, शिल्प और हस्तकला उद्योगों में भी उन्नति हुई। विशेषकर कपड़ा, धातु और आभूषण उद्योगों में। व्यापार की दृष्टि से भारत का समुद्री मार्गों और स्थलीय मार्गों के माध्यम से अन्य सभ्यताओं से व्यापारिक संबंध स्थापित था। भारत का व्यापार विशेषकर मसाले, रेशम, कपास और कीमती पत्थरों के लिए प्रसिद्ध था। प्राचीन काल में व्यापार का विकास कई महत्वपूर्ण बंदरगाहों जैसे सोपारा, कालीकट और ताम्रलिप्ति के माध्यम से हुआ। अतः प्राचीनकाल में भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था कृषि, उद्योग और व्यापार के सहारे न केवल जीवित रही बल्कि उसने अपनी पहचान भी स्थापित की। प्राचीनकाल में हुए आर्थिक और औद्योगिक विकास ने भारत को विश्वव्यापी पहचान दिलाई।
THEME: PRACTICES ON NEP -2020: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is founded on accountability, quality, affordability, equity, and access principles. Technology and education are prioritized in the NEP of India, which acknowledges the potential of digital tools to enhance the quality of education and learning. The policy's objective is to improve access to education by promoting collaborative learning as well as the development of digital skills in students through the utilization of technology. Nevertheless, successful integration of technology into education necessitates a comprehensive of its potential impact and the resulting teaching as well as learning outcomes. The objective of this paper is to investigate the prospective influence of technology on education in India as well as the role of technology in the implementation of new education policies. A comprehensive framework for the development of education in India is the NEP and NEP 2020. Integration of technology into education is a critical component of NEP 2020, as it aims to enhance the quality and accessibility of learning. The focus will be on challenges as well as limitations of technology integration in education, as well as various digital tools along with platforms that can be used to facilitate hybrid learning. Additionally, the discussion will provide guidance for effective implementation.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and cancer risk on uncovered & unregulated meat consumption
Particulate matter (PM) less than one-tenth of the size of a human hair coming out from vehicle emission may cause a serious health issues in a community. It is not less than endemic caused by current pollutants spit out by various transportation systems. The composition of particulate matter includes hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, benzene, Sculpture dioxide, 1, 3 buta diene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), carbon monoxide (CO) and lead. Most of them can cause inflammation, allergic reactions or respiratory illnesses like apnea and short breathing. However, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon present in vehicle emission can lead to severe deposition in human lung and other tissues. The consumption of poultry meat from a butcher shop present nearby emission of vehicles across the roads could be unhealthy. This may be, due to deposition and absorption of small fraction of particulate matters of emission. The consumption of such meat products causes the ingestion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well. PAHs may cause lung and other cancers. Recent study highlights the importance of good practices and regulation of selling meat products for human consumption. The study explained and linked the molecular mechanism of cancer caused by cellular deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).The possible methods to detect and quantify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in such meat products could be ensured to eliminate from the food chain.
This article presents the meaning of Dandaniti and Rajdharma. The researcher made an endeavor to understand the viewpoint of Manu regarding the meaning and various forms of punishment theory. Also, the researcher attempts to explain the various ways of punishment that are given to the offenders by the Hindu Shastra and by the contemporary criminal justice system.
Assessing India's Nutraceuticals and their Impact on Disease Prevention
"Nutraceutical," a word derived from "nutrition" and "pharmaceutical" was found to be a potential nutritional and safety profile that has many health benefits in human lifestyle. The use of nutraceuticals for food, nutrition, and pharmaceutical purposes has gained popularity, particularly in India, as a practical way to maintain maximum health. Since 2500-500 BC, the acceptance of modern nutraceuticals in India has been influenced by the popularity of Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medical system. The numerous varieties of Indian medicinal plants that were noted as being useful for health are evaluated as far as how they relate to various illness prevention in this review article.
Recognition of Indian Law of Evidence in Hindu Dharmashastras
The law of evidence is an inherent part of the justice delivery system. This article is an attempt to highlight the ancient ways of dealing with justice, especially the methods of proof, by following the Hindu Dharmashastras.
Educational objectives articulated in the Bhagwad Gita
In this article, the significance of integrating the teachings of the Bhagavad Gita into education, specifically in values education, is discussed. The Bhagavad Gita stresses the importance of confronting life's challenges with courage and wisdom, as well as emphasizing the crucial role of harmonious child development. The article urges teachers to guide students towards self-discovery and to instill values that promote resilience and overall personal growth. The educational goals outlined in the Bhagavad Gita are ultimately emphasized in the article.
The Matysa Nyaya and The Conventional Danda System
The concept of danda, referring to punishment in general, has its roots in the Vedic period in India. It is believed that administering punishment for wrongdoing is necessary for the administration of justice in every society. The Ramayana and Manusmriti texts emphasize the appropriate use of danda for the progress of the kingdom and the satisfaction of its subjects. The Dharma Sastras also recognize the court of justice as the place where the study of the social, economic, and political interests of humanity takes place. This paper highlights the Matysa Nyaya system found in the Matysa Purana which contains strict guidelines for administering justice in Vedic times. Neglecting the use of punishment could lead to the oppression of vulnerable groups by those in power. Danda was considered to govern all subjects, protect everyone, and prevent one from sin. Therefore, danda played a crucial role in administering justice and maintaining social order in ancient India.
Relevance of Vedic Mathematics in Elementary Education
Vedic mathematicsis an ancient Indian mathematical system of education which includes mathematical calculation like addition, subtractions, multiplication, division, geometric algebraic, trigonometric problems. It is defined with 16 Vedic Sutras and 13 Sub Sutras with simple rules and concepts. The concepts of Vedic mathematics should be taught at the early stage of childhood as they can grasp the calculation easily in their mind. The New Education Policy, which intends to implement the Indian knowledge System in terms of education, defines the importance and practice of Vedic mathematics in early schooling. The idea of Vedic mathematics at an early stage can assist towards better development for students by improving the quality of computation which is already ingrained in our ancient knowledge.
Administration of justice and applicability of Deterrent theory of law in relation to Kautilya’s Arthashastra
The Kautilya’s Arthashastra addresses the economic aspects of statehood in the colossal Mauryan Empire which covers the aspects of Law and Justice. The Arthashastra converges juristic approaches to the modern legal jurisprudence, which the latter alienates the legal principles that Kautilya tables in Arthashastra. The juristic principles propounded by Kautilya in the Arthashastra collide with the modern system of jurisprudence and present a similar theory while remaining correlated despite being from a different time period. The article provides a bird eye view of the concepts that Arthashastra provides, which is drafted within significant principles in modern jurisprudence, such as Deterrent Theory of Punishment, Rule of Law and stated through various laws of precedence as pronounced by Courts in India. The proposed outcome is to create relevance of Arthashastra as a significant legal jurisprudence in application exploring beyond its popular economic aspects and giving insights into it.